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- <text id=91TT1836>
- <title>
- Aug. 19, 1991: Are We in for a Double Dip?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Aug. 19, 1991 Hostages:Why Now? Who's Next?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BUSINESS, Page 44
- THE ECONOMY
- Are We in for a Double Dip?
- </hdr><body>
- <p>The recovery has only just begun, but some forecasters fear
- another recession may lurk around the corner
- </p>
- <p> Sometimes the economy seems to fall prey to the quick hands
- of a magician. Now you see a recovery. Now you don't! Barely a
- month after economists proclaimed the end of the 1990-91 U.S.
- recession, some are beginning to wonder whether they will have
- to eat their words. Their doubts come on the heels of some
- disturbing evidence--rising layoffs, a traumatized banking
- system and crippling debts--that the economy may be in worse
- shape than anyone suspected. The pessimists believe the recovery
- could soon sputter out and turn into another recession, the
- second half of a so-called double dip. That happened in five of
- the past eight recessions, as the economy recovered for one or
- two quarters before suffering a relapse.
- </p>
- <p> For the moment, most forecasters see enough life in the
- economy to keep it out of new trouble. The sale of single-family
- homes increased to an annual rate of 525,000 units in June, up
- 27% from January's low. The surge in home buying may boost new
- construction and stimulate sales of such durable goods as
- furniture and kitchen appliances. Business inventories have been
- trimmed down, so any increase in demand could rev up new factory
- production. "A double-dip recession can't be ruled out, but it's
- not a high risk," says Gordon Richards, an economist with the
- National Association of Manufacturers.
- </p>
- <p> Yet this recovery is unlike most others. In a survey, 51
- top economists predicted that the economy would grow at a 2.7%
- rate in the July-September quarter, less than half the speed of
- the average postwar recovery. New signs of weakness emerged
- last week when the Federal Reserve Board's "beige book," a
- document summarizing economic conditions around the country,
- reported that the recovery "has lost some momentum" since last
- spring. To supply more fuel, the Fed last week dropped the
- influential Federal Funds rate from 5 3/4% to 5 1/2%, its lowest
- level in more than a decade.
- </p>
- <p> A small but anxious group of economists, however, believes
- the latest Fed tactic is too little, too late. They say the
- economy is now structurally damaged and incapable of bouncing
- back anytime soon. Hanging ominously over every sector--individuals, business and government--is a crippling pile of
- debt that amounts to $10 trillion, double the size of the entire
- U.S. economy. Consumers, far and away the most powerful stimuli
- in the economy, seem determined to slash spending and pay off
- loans. The government said last week that consumer installment
- debt fell 3% in June, the sixth drop in seven months.
- </p>
- <p> Businesses are under great stress as well. Regulators have
- cracked down on banks, prompting them to cut back drastically
- on their lending. Companies drowning in debt are slashing
- capital investment and firing employees. Nearly 1 million
- workers have been laid off so far this year. Even the
- government, usually a reliable spender of last resort in a
- recession, will be absent this time because of record deficits
- at every level--local, state and federal.
- </p>
- <p> Lacking any other solutions, most economists look to the
- Fed and its newly reappointed chairman, Alan Greenspan, for the
- next move. "I consider the tight monetary policy pursued so far
- by the Fed as blatantly irresponsible," says Philip Braverman,
- chief economist of DKB Securities. "Inflation is not the enemy
- any longer. The real enemy is recession." So far this year,
- wholesale prices have fallen at a 1.7% annual rate, a trend that
- will give critics of the Fed more leverage in arguing for
- interest rates even lower than Greenspan has already pushed
- them. And as the 1992 elections approach, the political clamor
- for easier credit may grow deafening.
- </p>
- <p> By Bernard Baumohl. With reporting by Jerome
- Cramer/Washington
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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